Etudiant : AMEKRANE EL HOUCINE

Filière : Master Biotechnologie, Ecologie et Valorisation des Phytoressources (BEVP)

Encadrant : Pr. LOUAHLIA SAID

Annèe : 2025

Résumé : Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient involved in critical metabolic functions such as amino acid synthesis, chlorophyll production, and oxidative stress mitigation. Despite its importance, sulfur has often been neglected in fertilization strategies, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where soil salinity is also rising. This study explores how sulfur deficiency (LS) interacts with salinity stress to affect the physiological and reproductive performance of Moroccan barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars. Hydroponic experiment was conducted to evaluate biomass allocation parameters of four cultivars (Massine, Laanaceur, Amalou, and Tamellalt) submitted to S deficiency. Greenhouse experiment was also conducted to evaluate growth traits, chlorophyll content, osmolytes accumulation, oxidative stress markers, seed yield, and germination capacity of the newly harvested seeds. The greenhouse experiment and related investigations were focused on the 'Massine' variety, which is known as salinity tolerant variety. In the hydroponic experiment, results highlighted significant genotypic variations, with 'Massine' showing superior tolerance level to LS by maintaining shoot and root growth. However, combined LS and salinity stress conducted in the greenhouse led to severe reductions in biomass, chlorophyll content, soluble sugars content, and seeds yield, along with increased oxidative damages and a complete loss of germination ability. These results highlight the synergistic damage of dual stress and emphasize the essential role of sulfur in maintaining plant resilience. A deeper understanding and integration of sulfur into nutrient management strategies can significantly enhance crop efficiency, particularly under saline conditions. Moreover, optimizing sulfur nutrition can reduce the reliance on excessive fertilization, thereby minimizing nutrient runoff and contributing to more sustainable agricultural practices