Etudiant : MORJANE IMANE

Filière : Master Biotechnologie, Ecologie et Valorisation des Phytoressources (BEVP)

Encadrant : Pr. EL MESKAOUI ABDELMALEK

Annèe : 2025

Résumé : The argan tree (Sideroxylon spinosum), a species endemic to Morocco, faces significant limitations in its natural regeneration and vegetative propagation. This study established an integrated protocol for embryogenic callus induction, based on three key components: (1) an optimized sterilization protocol with Imidazole (50 mg/L for 30 min; sterilization index = 46.28%), (2) a culture medium enriched with 2,4-D (1.5 mg/L), TDZ (0.2 mg/L) and proline (200 mg/L) allowing an induction rate of 77.8% from mature zygotic embryos, compared to 33- 83% for leaf explants from vitroplants, and (3) a treatment with 5- azacytidine (2.5 µM) significantly increasing the callus induction rate (53.3%), probably via a DNA demethylation mechanism. Histological observations revealed structures characteristic of proembryogenic masses, validating the potential of this approach for the development of an effective method for the clonal multiplication of elite genotypes and its integration into argan tree breeding programs.